Water. Desalination + reuse
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SINGAPORE WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 5.0 BY SECTOR Agriculture: N/a Domestic: 5.0 Industrial: 5.0 Water risk: high Projected change in water supply to 2040: Near normal Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.4x or greater increase INDONESIA WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 3.3 BY SECTOR Agriculture: 3.4 Domestic: 3.0 Industrial: 2.6 Water risk: Low-to-medium Projected change in water supply to 2040: 1.2x increase Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.7x or greater increase MALAYSIA WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 2.1 BY SECTOR Agriculture: 1.9 Domestic: 2.1 Industrial: 2.2 Water risk: Low risk Projected change in water supply to 2040: Near normal Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.7x or greater increase PHILIPPINES WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 3.3 BY SECTOR Agriculture: 3.3 Domestic: 3.3 Industrial: 3.2 Water risk: Medium-to-high Projected change in water supply to 2040: 1.2x increase Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.7 or greater increase VIETNAM WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 1.0 BY SECTOR Agriculture: 1.0 Domestic: 1.1 Industrial: 1.4 Water risk: Low-to-medium Projected change in water supply to 2040: 1.2x increase Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.2x increase CAMBODIA WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 0.4 BY SECTOR Agriculture: 0.4 Domestic: 0.4 Industrial: 0.2 Water risk: Medium-to-high Projected change in water supply to 2040: Near normal Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.7x or greater increase THAILAND WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 1.7 BY SECTOR Agriculture: 1.7 Domestic: 1.4 Industrial: 1.5 Water risk: Low-to-medium Projected change in water supply to 2040: 1.2x increase Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.2x increase MYANMAR WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 0.3 BY SECTOR Agriculture: 0.3 Domestic: 0.4 Industrial: 0.6 Water risk: 2-3 Projected change in water supply to 2040: Near normal Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.7x or greater increase PAPUA NEW GUINEA WATER STRESS AVERAGE SCORE: 0.6 BY SECTOR Agriculture: N/a Domestic: 0.6 Industrial: 0.6 Water risk: 1-2 Projected change in water supply to 2040: Near normal Projected change in water demand to 2040: 1.7x or greater increase KEYS TO THE DATA WATER RISK Low (0-1) Low-to-medium (1-2) Medium-to-high (2-3) High (3-4) Water risk identifi es areas with higher exposure to water-related risks and is an aggregated measure of all selected indicators from the physical quantity, quality and regulatory and reputational risk categories. PROJECTED CHANGE 1.7x or greater decrease 1.4x decrease 1.2x decrease Near normal 1.2x increase 1.4x increase 1.7x or greater increase Projected change in water stress shows how development and/ or climate change are expected to aff ect water stress, the ratio of water use to supply. The 'business as usual' scenario applied represents a world with stable economic development and steadily rising global carbon emissions. Water stress likely to drive ongoing demand for projects The World Resources Institute introduced its new Resource Watch platform in Q1 2018, designed to help map, measure and mitigate global climate- related risks including water. The resource pulls together a collection of open source data sets spanning the eight catego- ries of cities, climate, energy, food, forests, oceans, society, and water. In particular, the Aqueduct programme looks at water risks including • ooding and drought, and maps likely changes over time. Singapore has the highest water stress ranking (5.0) and, although there is a negative gap between its projected change in water supply and water demand by 2040, the city state has among the world's best reputa- tions for expertise in water resource management. Apart from Thailand and Vietnam, other countries in the region are also predicted a negative di‰ erential between change in water supply and demand to 2040 — suggesting that demand for innovation and expertise in water will continue rising in the coming decades. Water stress average score 5 4 3 2 1 0 Singapore Indonesia Philippines Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Papua New Guinea Cambodia Myanmar Singapore tops the region for water stress, and hits the highest possible score Key: Water stress scores Extremely high: 4-5 High: 3-4 Medium-to-high: 2-3 Low-to-medium: 1-2 Low: 1 Source: Resource Watch, World Resources Institute