Water. Desalination + reuse
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REGIONS Status and Prospects for Seawater Desalination in China _________ Guoyouzhi, Guofeng, Lizongjing, Yangyan, Zhangweixia and Zhaowenping, China Desalination Association, and Linliying, PetroChina Northwest Chemicals Marketing Company ___ CHINA IS A GREAT country with large water resources, but is nonetheless seriously short of water and suffers from severe water pollution. Coastal areas, in particular, are among the most water-stressed areas in China According to National Integrated Water Resources Planning approved by the State Council in 2010, the total volume of water resources is 2,841.2 billion m3 which puts China in 6th place of the world. However, the per-capita water resource volume is 2,109 m3 , is only 28% of the world average. The water resources shortage in China has had , which a severe impact on the development of the social economy of coastal regions. According to statistics, the per-capita water resources volume of the 11 coastal provinces, autonomous regions and cities is 1,208 m3 The northern coastal areas lack water resources due . to smaller total precipitation, while the southern coastal areas lack water because of pollution. In addition, many islands in the southern coastal areas have serious water shortages due to lack of precipitation and engineering projects. For this reason, seawater desalination, as an important supplementary means of solving the current water-resource deficiency, has been well developed in the areas mentioned above. PROGRESS IN TECHNOLOGY AND PROJECTS Through more than 50 years of research and development, China has made considerable progress in both technologies and engineering projects. According to statistics from the China Desalination Association (CDA), at the end of 2011, 73 seawater desalting plants had been established, with a total seawater desalination output of 643,000 m3 construction exceeds 340,000 m3 In addition, in recent years, China has built a number of large seawater desalination projects, such as Tianjin Seawater Desalination Plant for Beijing Power Plant (production capacity of 100,000 m3 /d. The capacity of those under /d. /d), Tianjin Dagang | 28 | Desalination & Water Reuse | May-June 2012 Seawater Desalination Plant (100,000 m3 Desalination Project (50,000 m3 Jingtang Iron & Steel Plant's LT-MED Desalination Project (50,000 m3 main process adopted in seawater (SW) desalination projects, accounting for 68.5% of the total capacity. This is followed by multiple effect distillation (MED) technology, accounting for 30.5% of the total capacity, while other methods, such as multi-stage flash, electrodialysis and mechanical vapour compression together total less than 1%. At present, although key SWRO desalination In China, reverse-osmosis (RO) technology is the /d) and Caofeidian Seawater /d). /d), Shougang components, such as RO membranes, high-pressure pumps and energy-recovery devices used by large-scale seawater desalination projects in China still rely on imports, some enterprises in the Chinese sector already have the manufacturing capability for other devices. More recently, China has successfully developed high- pressure pumps, energy-recovery devices and other equipment with independent intellectual property rights. In addition, some powerful engineering companies in China, such as Hangzhou Water Treatment Technology Development Centre and MCC Seawater Desalination Investment Co Ltd, have engineering capabilities for the construction of large-scale SWRO desalination projects. Moreover, in recent years, some large domestic manufacturing companies, such as Shanghai Electric Power Generation Equipment Co Ltd and Shenhua Guohua Power, have started to engage in research and development of thermal desalination devices. China already has the ability to build low-temperature (LT) MED devices of up to 12,500 m3 LT-MED equipment for desalination independently designed and constructed by China. /d, which is the largest CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS Construction of seawater desalination projects in China currently almost always uses the engineer-procure- construct (EPC) model, which accounts for 60-70% of the total amount. In general, the owners are the coastal