LAWR

19 Annual Guide 2015 | SOURCE TESTING ASSOCIATION E ach year in the Annual Guide we highlight what has taken place in the world of Standards development. Standard reference methods are essential for the effective measurement and control of air pollution. Such Standards are developed at National, European and worldwide level. e robustness and fitness for purpose of these Standards is a function of the accumu- lated expertise and experience of the people who work together in committee to produce them. Where internationally-derived Stand- ards are binding on the UK, as European (CEN) Standards are, it is particularly impor- tant that they should recognise UK interests and sensitivities. BSI manages the UK input to new Standards via its technical committees and the UK experts that they nominate to CEN and ISO working groups. Standards are developed in Europe by Comité European de Normalisation (CEN) and internationally by International Stand- ardisation Organisation (ISO) European Standards (ENs) are based on a consensus, which reflects the economic and social interests of 33 CEN Member countries channelled through their National Standard- isation Organisations. Most Standards are initiated by industry. Other standardisation projects can come from consumers, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or associations, or even European legislators. ISO International Standards ensure that products and services are safe, reliable and of good quality. For business, they are strategic tools that reduce costs by minimizing waste and errors, and increasing productivity. ey help companies to access new markets, level the playing field for developing countries and facilitate free and fair global trade. Selection of Standards for emission monitoring It should be noted that continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) it is important that capital investment is protected and that instrumentation gives reliable, meaningful and repeatable data. Fitting EN15267 ap- proved equipment is one element, but it is extremely important that the system is veri- fied. e verification process requires the use of Standard reference methods to underpin the data. ISO Standards are accepted on a case by case principle, it is not mandatory for a member country in the European Union (EU) to adopt a Standard. CEN Standards must be implemented by member states of the EU. If a conflicting Standard is in existence then this must be withdrawn. Understanding how Standards numbers work Figure 1 shows how Standards are adopted in the UK and published by British Standards Institute (BSI). 1. Should a Standard be developed for example in the UK by BSI it will be prefixed by BS e.g. BS 3841-1:1994 Determination of smoke emission from manufactured solid fuels for domestic use. 2. When a Standard is developed and pub- lished by CEN it is prefixed with EN and when introduced in the UK it will become a BS EN document e.g. BS EN 1911:2010 Stationary source emissions – Determina- tion of mass concentration of gaseous chlorides expressed as HCl, and, as stated above, any conflicting Standard must be removed. A Standard can be developed by CEN or ISO under a joint agreement and then it is published by CEN and ISO with a prefix EN ISO and in the UK it then becomes an BS EN ISO prefix e.g. BS EN ISO 23210:2009 Stationary source emis- sions – Determination of PM10/PM2.5 mass concentration in flue gas. 3. When a Standard is developed by ISO it is prefixed ISO and should this be adopted in the UK it becomes BS ISO e.g. BS ISO 25597:2015 Stationary source emissions – Test method for determining PM10/ PM2.5 mass in stack gases using cyclone samplers and sample dilution. Standards developed and published by CEN are generally accepted as being the most robust. However, other Standards are still important, as there are substances that are not, as yet, covered by CEN Standards. e choice of the method is often dictated by the requirements of EU Directives, i.e. Industrial Emission Direc- tive (IED), where, for example, the use of CEN Standards is man datory. If the Standard is not dictated by mandatory requirements then monitoring Standards should be used in the following order of priority as given in the European IPPC Bureau's Reference Docu- ment (http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/) on the General Principles of Monitoring: • EN Standards • ISO Standards, other international Stand- ards, national Standards • Validated laboratory-developed and non- standard methods e intended application of the Standard method must always be taken into account; for example, a CEN method may be less suit- able than another less-rigorously validated Standard method if the application is not one for which the CEN method was developed. e Standards bodies have various tech- nical committees that are responsible for the development of the Standards. For emission to air the CEN committee is CEN TC 264 and for ISO is ISO TC 146 SC1. Dave Curtis, STA Administrator Standards and Methods for Environmental monitoring in the UK The world family of Standards ISO standards ISO EN EN ISO CEN standards BS BS EN BS EN ISO BS ISO BSI standards Figure 1: Diagram of the world family of Standards »

• Cover