Water. desalination + reuse

TECHNOLOGY Figure 1: Tight Oil Development Water-Based Crosslinked Hydraulic Fluid Composition WE UNDERSTAND DESALINATION & REUSE TECHNOLOGIES At Severn Trent Services we offer innovative treatment solutions to meet a variety of desalination and water reuse needs. – TETRA® DeepBed™ tertiary filters are an economical solution for the removal of TSS <2 NTU or <5 mg/l TSS and < 0.2 mg/L phosphorus. TETRA Filters account for >10% of the world's water reuse capacity. – TETRA® LP Block™ lateral underdrains are ideal for pretreatment filtration at desalination plants. The GroutGrip™ and the new Anchor-Rite® designs offer low installation costs and even air/water distribution, delivering reduced operating costs over other underdrains. – UAT™ desalination systems are suitable for treating a wide range of salinity application up to 10+ MGD (1,500+ m3/hr). UAT EDI systems are offered to polish RO permeate. For more information on desalination and water reuse solutions e-mail stwpi@emirates.net.ae or visit www.severntrentservices.com | 28 | Desalination & Water Reuse | August-September 2013 play indicates the greatest potential opportunity for flowback reuse as this resource play represents the largest cumulative water requirements and the greatest volume of cumulative flowback. Assuming 2011 drilling activities are representative of future operations and a 40% flowback rate is consistently achievable, implementation of a flowback water reuse strategy within this resource play implies a potential opportunity to reduce Penn West Exploration's overall fresh water dependency for tight-oil hydraulic fracturing by up to 18%* (defined at the foot of page 29), assuming 100% reuse of the flowback. SECONd STEp – ESTabLiSH WaTEr QuaLiTY GuidELiNES Before one is able to establish what quality of water is required for reuse, we need to understand what the target composition of the hydraulic fluid will look like and identify what potential constituents are present in the flowback and produced water may impede the fluid composition. From evaluation of various frac programs for each Penn West Exploration tightoil play, the most commonly applied stimulation chemistry consists of a waterbased crosslinked fluid. On average, the water-based crosslinked hydraulic fluid composition was determined to consist of approximately 90.63% water, 8.22% proppant (sand) Table 4: Water Quality Guidelines to Mitigate Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Compatibility Issues for Crosslinked Fluids

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